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Personalities - negatives
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57416
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 65 b&w & colour negatives of various people, including an unidentified couple [in colour], Shauna Rolston with her cello, and posed portraits of a family.
- Date Range
- 1950-1993
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / P / iii / NA - 01 to NA - 06
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Film
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, P : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- iii : Personalities
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / P / iii / NA - 01 to NA - 06
- Date Range
- 1950-1993
- Physical Description
- 65 photographs : b&w and col. negatives ; 35 mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 65 b&w & colour negatives of various people, including an unidentified couple [in colour], Shauna Rolston with her cello, and posed portraits of a family.
- Name Access
- Rolston, Shauna
- Amatt, John
- Mitchener, M.R.
- Subject Access
- Children
- Family
- Family and personal life
- Portrait
- Women
- Geographic Access
- Banff National Park
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / P / iii / PA - 01 to PA - 177 V190 / VI / P / iii / NS - 01 to NS - 03
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Bruno Engler's Veteran's Race fonds
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions687
- Scope & Content
- Fonds consists of 30 cm of textual and visual records previously held in 3 manuscript boxes, and 1 briefcase belonging to Bruno Engler. Contents have since been rehoused and processed in 3 manuscript boxes under M559, and one manuscript box each under V783/PA and V783/NA. Fonds consists of two seri…
- Date Range
- 1952
- 1967 - 2016
- Reference Code
- M559 / V783
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- GMD
- Photograph
- Photograph print
- Textual record
- Private record
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- Fonds Number
- M559 / V783
- Sous-Fonds
- M559
- V783
- Accession Number
- 2018.8688
- Reference Code
- M559 / V783
- Other Title Info
- Previously Bruno Engler Memorial Cup
- Date Range
- 1952
- 1967 - 2016
- Physical Description
- 24 cm of textual records -- 320 photographs (139 b&w and col. prints, 21 b&w negatives, 160 digital files)
- History / Biographical
- Bruno Engler's Veteran's Race was initially hosted by Bruno Engler at the Sunshine Village ski resort in Banff in 1967. In its earlier years, Bruno Engler would complete the downhill track first, and would use his recorded time as a benchmark for participants to beat. Engler participated in the race for many years. The race was typically divided into several competition categories by age range and men's and women's races. Following a day of races, there is an awards ceremony held each year for participants. Bruno's ski race, renamed the Bruno Engler Memorial Ski Race after Bruno's passing in 2001, is currently "the longest consecutively running annual ski race in Canadian history". 2019 marked the 53rd annual race, which was held at Cascade Mountain. In recent years, the "Bruno Engler Family Fun Race", an additional race for parents and children, has been added as part of the original event.
- Scope & Content
- Fonds consists of 30 cm of textual and visual records previously held in 3 manuscript boxes, and 1 briefcase belonging to Bruno Engler. Contents have since been rehoused and processed in 3 manuscript boxes under M559, and one manuscript box each under V783/PA and V783/NA. Fonds consists of two series: Series I : 1952 - 1990 Series II : 1991 - 2016 Bruno Engler Memorial race committee information, race results and Bruno Engler's personal papers originally held in his personal briefcase. Also included are photos of the races and awards - these photos were held in Bruno's briefcase along with his own files. Briefcase from accession has been transferred to Heritage. Textual records (M559) range from 1952 to 2016 [includes documents from every year excluding 1953 - 1966] and pertain to annual ski races. Include meetings/agenda notes, ephemera, handwritten notes, registration forms, mailing lists, race results, and other relevant notes. [As 1967 was the ski race's first official year, items from 1952 are believed to be from a different ski event]. Visual records (V783) include 180 print photographs and 21 negative photographs/film strips depicting races, participants and award ceremonies [arranged by year]. Fonds also includes 3 CDs from 2004, 2005 and 2011 (V783), 1 USB stick from 2012 (M559), and 1 racing jersey (2016) which has been transferred to Heritage.
- Notes
- Folder with items V783 / I / PA - 1 to 41 contains photograph of Catharine Whyte in 1967 ski race
- One folder with contact sheets from processed photographs dated 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1979 also stored within V783 file box
- Name Access
- Engler, Bruno
- Hunter, Eddie
- Whyte, Catharine
- Wonnacot, Fred
- Crosby, Evelynne
- Wiegele, Mike
- Mann, Jack
- Jost, Karl
- Cullen, Malcolm
- Jost, Kathy
- Crosby, Rob
- Pristov, John
- Hueser, Klara
- House, Eleanore
- Kunelius, Eleanor
- Hanley, Joe
- McGavin, Flo
- Wilson, Priscilla
- Fruchtman, Eva
- Andersen, Roy
- Godwin, Nell
- Kent, Betty
- Wiegele, Bonnie
- Berchtold, Leo
- Compton, Ethan
- Subject Access
- Ski racing
- Memorial
- Skiing
- Awards
- Community events
- Sports
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Canada
- Alberta
- Banff
- Access Restrictions
- Some restrictions may apply
- Reproduction Restrictions
- Some restrictions may apply
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- For extensive biographical information pertaining to Bruno Engler, see fonds-level entry for M323 / S40 / V190 [Bruno Engler fonds]
- Category
- Sports, recreation and leisure
- Biographical Source Notes
- https://banffnorquay.com/event/bruno-engler-memorial-race/
- https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bruno-engler
- Some information drawn from contents of fonds
- Title Source
- Title based on contents of fonds
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 178 b&w & colour prints of mostly posed portraits of people. Includes close-ups, professionally staged portraits in a studio setting, shots of actors from various film projects, candid shots of people, and more. Includes shots of people swimming, hiking, climbing, and at parties; P…
- Date Range
- 1950-1993
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / P / iii / PA - 01 to PA - 178
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Photograph
24 images
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, P : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- iii : Personalities
- Accession Number
- 7436 5507
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / P / iii / PA - 01 to PA - 178
- GMD
- Photograph
- Date Range
- 1950-1993
- Physical Description
- 178 photographs : b&w & col. ; 25.2 x 20.2 cm or smaller
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 178 b&w & colour prints of mostly posed portraits of people. Includes close-ups, professionally staged portraits in a studio setting, shots of actors from various film projects, candid shots of people, and more. Includes shots of people swimming, hiking, climbing, and at parties; Park Wardens, artists, politicians, musicians, businessmen, and more.
- Name Access
- Simpson, Jimmy, Sr.
- Brewster, Jim
- de Grandmaison, Nicholas (Nick)
- Rolston, Shauna
- Peyto, Paul
- Anderson, Andy
- Marty, Sid
- Costigan, Pat
- O'Brien-ffrench, Conrad
- de Grandmaison, Sonia
- Wood, Sharon
- Watson, Sir Norman
- Davies, Jim
- Jones, Ken
- Brewster, Dell
- Perren, Walter
- Greene, Nancy
- Hess, George
- Encil, George
- Gertsch, Rudi
- Whyte, Catharine
- Subject Access
- Activities
- Animals
- Children
- Community events
- Community life
- Family
- Helicopters
- Hiking
- Horses
- Lake Minnewanka
- Personal and Professional Life
- Portrait
- Ski areas
- Ski jumping
- Ski racing
- Skiers
- Sulphur Mountain
- Sunshine Village
- Swimming
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Canmore
- Seebe
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / P / iii / NA - 01 to NA - 03 V190 / VI / P / iii / NS - 01 to NS - 03
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
Images
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
ACMG [Association of Canadian Mountain Guides] - File, Mountain Guide training
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions56715
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 34 b&w prints of the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides training courses and members. Includes shots of potential members participating in training courses [usually on Tunnel Mountain] as well as posed group shots of ACMG members.
- Date Range
- 1980-1992
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / A / v / PA - 01 to PA - 34
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Photograph
- Photograph print
12 images
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, A : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- v : ACMG
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / A / v / PA - 01 to PA - 34
- Date Range
- 1980-1992
- Physical Description
- 34 photographs : col. & b&w ; 25.5 x 20.5 cm or smaller
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 34 b&w prints of the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides training courses and members. Includes shots of potential members participating in training courses [usually on Tunnel Mountain] as well as posed group shots of ACMG members.
- Notes
- Identities of people in PA - 27 from left to right [back row]: Rüdi Geitsch, Tim Auger, Peter Schlunegger, Bernie Schiesser, Hans Gmoser, [unidentified], Lloyd "Kiwi" Gallagher ; [front row]: [unidentified], [unidentified], Scott Flavelle, Clair Israelson, Dave Cochrane?, [unidentified], Phil Heim, Dan Griffith. Identities of people in PA - 29, from left to right [back row]: Frank Stark, Rüdi Geitsch, Lloyd "Kiwi" Gallagher ; [front row]: Leo Gullmair, [unidentified], Hans Gmoser, [unidentified], Pierre Lentire?, Sepp Renner. Identifications provided by Chic Scott
- Subject Access
- Climbing
- Helicopters
- Guides
- Guiding
- Mountaineering
- Mountaineers
- Mountains
- Portrait
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / A / v / NA - 01 to NA - 33
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
Images
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
ACMG [Association of Canadian Mountain Guides] - File, Mountain Guide training - negatives
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions56720
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 33 b&w negatives of the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides training courses and members. Includes shots of potential members participating in training courses [usually on Tunnel Mountain] as well as posed group shots of ACMG members.
- Date Range
- 1980-1992
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / A / v / NA - 01 to NA - 33
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, A : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- v : ACMG
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / A / v / NA - 01 to NA - 33
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1980-1992
- Physical Description
- 33 photographs : b&w negatives ; 15.2 x 5.8 cm or smaller
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 33 b&w negatives of the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides training courses and members. Includes shots of potential members participating in training courses [usually on Tunnel Mountain] as well as posed group shots of ACMG members.
- Subject Access
- Climbing
- Helicopters
- Guides
- Guiding
- Mountaineering
- Mountaineers
- Mountains
- Portrait
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / A / v / PA - 01 to PA - 34
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Mountain Guides
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57198
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 52 b&w prints of mostly Association of Canadian Mountain Guides members. Includes group shots, individual portraits, and a few courses. File also contains two documents, one of which appears to be a hand-written speech [associated with PA - 17] and the other pertains to the Guide T…
- Date Range
- 1968-1994
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / M / v / PA - 01 to PA - 52
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Photograph
8 images
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, M : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- v : Mountain Guides
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / M / v / PA - 01 to PA - 52
- GMD
- Photograph
- Date Range
- 1968-1994
- Physical Description
- 52 photographs : b&w ; 25.2 x 20.2 cm or smaller
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 52 b&w prints of mostly Association of Canadian Mountain Guides members. Includes group shots, individual portraits, and a few courses. File also contains two documents, one of which appears to be a hand-written speech [associated with PA - 17] and the other pertains to the Guide Test Course.
- Name Access
- Auger, Tim
- Bezzola, Jon Rudolf
- Fuhrman, Peter
- Gallagher, Lloyd (Kiwi)
- Gertsch, Rudi
- Gmoser, Hans
- Grillmair, Leo
- Jones, Ken
- Kranabitte, Rudi
- Renner, Sep
- Sheisser, Bernie
- Vockeroth, Don
- Wood, Sharon
- Subject Access
- ACMG
- Association of Canadian Mountain Guides
- Climbing
- Guides
- Guiding
- Mountaineering
- Mountaineers
- Mountains
- Portrait
- Swiss Guides
- Geographic Access
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / M / v / NA - 01 to NA - 18
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
Images
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Mountain Guides - negatives
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57199
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 18 strips of b&w film consisting of 36 photographs.Includes individual portraits of Association of Canadian Mountain Guides, scenic views, and the Conrad Kain Hut in Bugaboos Provincial Park. NA - 09 also has a proof positive print of the negative strip.
- Date Range
- 1968-1994
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / M / v / NA - 01 to NA - 18
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Film
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, M : Alphabetical order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- v : Mountain Guides
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / M / v / NA - 01 to NA - 18
- Date Range
- 1968-1994
- Physical Description
- 36 photographs : b&w negatives ; 18.2 x 6.1 cm or smaller
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 18 strips of b&w film consisting of 36 photographs.Includes individual portraits of Association of Canadian Mountain Guides, scenic views, and the Conrad Kain Hut in Bugaboos Provincial Park. NA - 09 also has a proof positive print of the negative strip.
- Name Access
- Auger, Tim
- Renner, Sep
- Subject Access
- ACMG
- Association of Canadian Mountain Guides
- Climbing
- Conrad Kain Hut
- Guides
- Guiding
- Huts
- Mountaineering
- Mountaineers
- Mountains
- Portrait
- Swiss Guides
- Geographic Access
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Bugaboos
- British Columbia
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- V190 / VI / M / v / PA - 01 to PA - 52
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Robert Fleming fonds
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions671
- Part Of
- Robert Fleming fonds
- Scope & Content
- Fonds consists of photographic material accompanied by media coverage and articles written by Robert Fleming pertaining to Chief Walking Buffalo's 1960 world journey with Chief David and Mrs. Crowchild and five other Stoney and Sarcee people, sponsored by International Moral Rearmament. Travel incl…
- Date Range
- 1960 - 1997
- Reference Code
- M216 / V249
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- GMD
- Photograph
- Negative
- Photograph print
- Transparency
- Textual record
- Private record
- Published record
- Part Of
- Robert Fleming fonds
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- Fonds Number
- M216
- V249
- Sous-Fonds
- M216
- V249
- Accession Number
- 8112 (unprocessed)
- Reference Code
- M216 / V249
- GMD
- Photograph
- Negative
- Photograph print
- Transparency
- Textual record
- Private record
- Published record
- Date Range
- 1960 - 1997
- Physical Description
- ca. 500 photographs: negatives, prints, transparencies. -- ca. 30 cm of textual records
- Scope & Content
- Fonds consists of photographic material accompanied by media coverage and articles written by Robert Fleming pertaining to Chief Walking Buffalo's 1960 world journey with Chief David and Mrs. Crowchild and five other Stoney and Sarcee people, sponsored by International Moral Rearmament. Travel included Aboriginal people in Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), Uganda, and Kenya.Fonds are unprocessed held in 3 boxes and 1 oversize print mounted on foamcore
- Subject Access
- Education
- First Nations
- Indigenous Peoples
- Moral Rearmament
- Politics
- Language
- Language is English
- Finding Aid
- basic list for unprocessed material in finding aid
- Creator
- Fleming, Robert
- Category
- First nations
- Education
- Politics
- Title Source
- Title based on contents of fonds
- Processing Status
- Unprocessed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Powder Pioneers : Ski Stories from the Canadian Rockies and Columbia Mountains - sound recordings
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions55075
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Scope & Content
- Series consists of 23 interviews recorded between 1999 and 2009, which were used during the creation of the book Powder Pioneers : Ski Stories from the Canadian Rockies and Columbia Mountains.
- Date Range
- 1999 - 2009
- Reference Code
- S47 / IV
- Description Level
- 3 / Series
- GMD
- Sound recording
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Description Level
- 3 / Series
- Fonds Number
- M57 / V40 / S47
- Series
- S47 / IV : Powder Pioneers : Ski Stories from the Canadian Rockies and Columbia Mountains
- Sous-Fonds
- S47
- Accession Number
- 8110
- Reference Code
- S47 / IV
- GMD
- Sound recording
- Date Range
- 1999 - 2009
- Physical Description
- 23 sound recordings
- History / Biographical
- Discover the rich history of skiing in the Canadian Rockies and Columbia Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia. From the early ski jumpers at Revelstoke, through the birth of the backcountry lodges and ski resorts to the heli-skiers and snowboarders of today, the stories are all here.
- Scope & Content
- Series consists of 23 interviews recorded between 1999 and 2009, which were used during the creation of the book Powder Pioneers : Ski Stories from the Canadian Rockies and Columbia Mountains.
- Notes
- Series consists of 23 interviews: S47 / IV / 1 : Syd Scroggle in Dundee
- S47 / IV / 2 : Hans Gmoser
- S47 / IV / 3 : Bob Sayer 16-Feb-02
- S47 / IV / 4 : Toni Klettl 15-Feb-02
- S47 / IV / 5 : Art Patterson 12-May-99
- S47 / IV / 6 & 7 : Hans Gmoser 29-Apr-04
- S47 / IV / 8 to 10 : Philippe Delesalle 28-Apr-04
- S47 / IV / 11 to 14 : Doug Gardner 19-May-04
- S47 / IV / 15 & 16 : Tony and Gill Daffern 06-Jan-04
- S47 / IV / 17 & 18 : Bob Saunders 08-Aug-09
- S47 / IV / 19 : Booty Griffiths 27-Oct-04
- S47 / IV / 20 to 23 : Steve Smith 04-Nov-04
- Name Access
- Scott, Chic
- Scroggle, Syd
- Gmoser, Hans
- Sayer, Bob
- Klettl, Toni
- Patterson, Art
- Delesalle, Philippe
- Gardner, Doug
- Daffern, Tony
- Daffern, Gill
- Griffiths, Booty
- Smith, Steve
- Subject Access
- Community events
- Banff Ski Club
- Mount Norquay Ski Area
- Banff Winter Carnival
- Biography
- Competition
- Cross-country skiing
- Helicopter skiing
- Interview
- History
- Leisure
- Mountains
- Publication
- Public events
- Public entertainment
- Recreation
- Research
- Ski areas
- Ski jumping
- Ski mountaineering
- Skiers
- Ski racing
- Skiing
- Sports
- Sports and recreation
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Canadian Rocky Mountains
- Banff National Park
- Yoho National Park
- Jasper National Park
- Waterton
- Kootenay National Park
- Rogers Pass
- Columbia Valley
- Crowsnest Pass
- Language
- English
- Related Material
- M57 / VI
- V40 / VI
- Biographical Source Notes
- http://chicscott.com/books.htm
- Title Source
- Title based on contents of file
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Photograph scans, slideshows
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions55311
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Scope & Content
- File consists of 12 CDs containing digital files used as research material for Chic Scott's book, Deep Powder and Steep Rock. Content pertains to Hans Gmoser and friends skiing in Austria and the Canadian Rockies [including Mount Logan], and early images of Hans Gmoser before he moved to Canada. Fi…
- Date Range
- 1998
- [1998 - 2005]
- 2006 - 2008
- Reference Code
- V40 / V / DF - 43 to 54
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Photograph
- Digital image
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M57
- S47
- V40
- Series
- V40 / V : Deep Powder and Steep Rock
- Sous-Fonds
- V40
- Accession Number
- 2015.8559
- Reference Code
- V40 / V / DF - 43 to 54
- Date Range
- 1998
- [1998 - 2005]
- 2006 - 2008
- Physical Description
- 12 recording discs : ca. 575 digital files
- Scope & Content
- File consists of 12 CDs containing digital files used as research material for Chic Scott's book, Deep Powder and Steep Rock. Content pertains to Hans Gmoser and friends skiing in Austria and the Canadian Rockies [including Mount Logan], and early images of Hans Gmoser before he moved to Canada. File includes slideshows and individual image files.
- Subject Access
- Family and personal life
- Skiing
- Travel
- Exploration
- Sports
- Winter sports
- Recreation
- Research
- Photography
- Geographic Access
- Canada
- Yukon
- Mount Logan
- Austria
- Dachstein
- Reproduction Restrictions
- Restrictions may apply
- Language
- English
- Title Source
- Title based on contents of file
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Hans Gmoser interview cassettes
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions55252
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Scope & Content
- File consists of 8 cassettes with sound recordings pertaining to interviews with Hans Gmoser. Includes interviews by Phil Dowling, [Vicki] Gabereau and [Joseph] Brooks Dodge. Interview with Gabereau was produced for use by the CBC Radio interview show "Gabereau" [aired 1985-1997].
- Date Range
- 1978
- 1994
- 1996
- 2007
- Reference Code
- S47 / V / C / 1 to 8
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Cassette
- Sound recording
- Part Of
- Chic Scott fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M57
- S47
- V40
- Series
- S47 / V : Deep Powder and Steep Rock
- Sous-Fonds
- S47
- Sub-Series
- S47 / V / C : Interviews
- Accession Number
- 7330
- Reference Code
- S47 / V / C / 1 to 8
- Date Range
- 1978
- 1994
- 1996
- 2007
- Physical Description
- 8 sound recordings : 7 cassettes -- 1 microcassette
- Scope & Content
- File consists of 8 cassettes with sound recordings pertaining to interviews with Hans Gmoser. Includes interviews by Phil Dowling, [Vicki] Gabereau and [Joseph] Brooks Dodge. Interview with Gabereau was produced for use by the CBC Radio interview show "Gabereau" [aired 1985-1997].
- Notes
- S47 / V / C / 1 : "Gabereau - March 26/96 Hans Gmoser" S47 / V / C / 2 to 4 : "Hans Gmoser - Interview [1, 2 and 3]", n.d. S47 / V / C / 5 to 6 : "Hans Gmoser Interviewed by Phil Dowling 18 Dec 1978 [Tape #1, Tape #2]" S47 / V / C / 7 : "Hans Gmoser Interviewed by Phil Dowling 15 Oct 1994" S47 / V / C / 8 : "Brooks Dodge (M. Gmoser) Feb 18, 2007"
- Name Access
- Gmoser, Hans
- Dowling, Phil
- Subject Access
- Interview
- Personal and Professional Life
- Communications
- Reproduction Restrictions
- Copyright restrictions may apply
- Language
- English
- Category
- Family and personal life
- Communications
- Title Source
- Title based on contents of file
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
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Bruno Engler fonds
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions174
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- Fonds is primarily a broad-ranging commercial negative collection pertaining to Banff and area, including businesses, buildings, projects, events, people and scenic views; skiing, mountain travel and recreation; Sunshine Village Ski Area; warden activities in the mountain parks; national and provin…
- Date Range
- [ca.1886]-1998, predominant ca.1940-1995
- Reference Code
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- GMD
- Machine-readable data file
- Motion picture
- Film
- Video
- Photograph
- Album
- Negative
- Photograph print
- Sound recording
- Cassette
- Reel to reel
- Textual record
- Corporate record
- Map
- Private record
- Published record
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 1 / Fonds
- Fonds Number
- M 323
- S 40
- V 190
- Sous-Fonds
- M 323
- S 40
- V 190
- Accession Number
- 188, 1300, 2622, 2998, 3468, 3496, 5507, 6200, 6770 (unproc), 7045(unproc), 7436 (unproc)
- Reference Code
- M323 / S40 / V190
- GMD
- Machine-readable data file
- Motion picture
- Film
- Video
- Photograph
- Album
- Negative
- Photograph print
- Sound recording
- Cassette
- Reel to reel
- Textual record
- Corporate record
- Map
- Private record
- Published record
- Date Range
- [ca.1886]-1998, predominant ca.1940-1995
- Physical Description
- ca.31,580 photographs: negatives, prints, and transparencies. -- 1 photograph album (ca.150 prints). -- 50 motion pictures: 1 original, 8 copies on 3 video cassettes, 41 film reels: 16mm, 35mm. -- 18 sound recordings: audio tape reels, audio tape cassettes. -- 5 electronic records: computer diskettes. -- 3 maps. -- 15 cm textual records.
- History / Biographical
- Bruno Engler, 1915-2001, was a mountain guide, ski instructor, photographer and film maker at Banff and Canmore, Alberta, Canada. Engler arrived from Switzerland in 1939 and initially worked as a mountain guide and ski instructor for the Canadian Pacific Railway, Sunshine ski area and for Deer Lodge at Lake Louise, Alberta. During the Second World War, he served as a mountain warfare instructor for the Canadian Army. Following the war, Engler worked as a free-lance photographer for the National Film Board and others; as coach of the University of Alberta Ski Team; and as a technical advisor, cameraman and actor for numerous movies made in the Banff area. Throughout his career, Engler worked as a still and motion picture photographer, both for the movie industry and for governments at all levels, as well as operating his own business, Alpine Films of Banff, Alberta.
- Scope & Content
- Fonds is primarily a broad-ranging commercial negative collection pertaining to Banff and area, including businesses, buildings, projects, events, people and scenic views; skiing, mountain travel and recreation; Sunshine Village Ski Area; warden activities in the mountain parks; national and provincial parks; scenic views of western Canada, particularly mountain landscapes; some portraits and candid shots of local and international personalities. Photographs pertaining to film making include helicopter rescue; highway construction; Norquay, Sunshine, and Lake Louise ski areas' histories; Banff events and buildings; Canmore events and buildings; professional and amateur ski races; scenic mountain and wildlife; mountaineering and highway accidents; mountain guiding trips including Pierre Trudeau, Roland Michener and Peter Lougheed. Fonds consists of four series: Photography, Motion Pictures, Sound Recordings, and Textual records. Photography series consists of four sub-series established by the photographer: I. Old file, 1949-1970; II. Main file, alphabetical A - Z, 1950-1976; III Sunshine file, [1939], 1950-1975; IV. Warden file, 1954-1976.
- Motion pictures on video cassettes are footage of skiing at Sunshine, 1930s; Clifford White films, 1930s, from WMCR Archives collection (V682); "Snow Capers" by Thomas Mead, 1946, includes Engler; "Ski Pro's Holiday" by George Encil, 1950?; "Mount Bulyea" by George Encil, 1950?, includes Engler; "Diary of a Mountain Man," a CBC documentary feature on Bruno Engler broadcast on "20/20" in 1965 (ca.27 minutes); "Great Days in the Rockies" by National Film Board of Canada, 1983; "Mountain Man" by Banff Centre, 1985, re Engler. Original film is "Sunshine 1940" and includes Brewster Transport ski buses travelling from train station to Sunshine Lodge, skiers, guide, lessons, games, rope tow, ski action, slalom, Bruno Engler, other. 16mm and 35mm film reels, 1946-1964 are films produced by the National Film Board.
- Sound recordings, electronic records and and related textual material pertain to interviews with Bruno Engler, 1987, done by Brian Patton and Jon Whyte for Bruno Engler autobiography project. Interviews covered Engler's life, but are not complete to 1987. Transcripts, prepared from recordings by Brenda Goeres, are not verbatim. Audio tape cassettes consist of portions of content of audio tape reels.
- Textual records include corporate records, newspaper clippings and magazine articles pertaining to film making, cast and crew listings and schedules for various movies, ski racing, mountain guiding trips and ski race listings. Also included is documentation pertaining to film making with producer National Film Board including letters, film stock footage, press releases, and film summaries; maps indicate film location shots for Arctic Rampage.
- Name Access
- Engler, Bruno
- Subject Access
- Arts
- Environment
- Exploration, discovery and travel
- Family and personal life
- Government
- Sports, recreation and leisure
- Access Restrictions
- Some restriction/s on access
- Copyright, privacy, commercial use and other restrictions may apply
- Language
- Language is English
- Finding Aid
- Finding aids and reference tools: basic description
- electronic finding aid
- Related Material
- Duplicate or further transcripts for sound recordings are found in Jon Whyte fonds (M88).
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Category
- Arts
- Environment
- Exploration, discovery and travel
- Family and personal life
- Government
- Sports, recreation and leisure
- Title Source
- Title based on accession records and contents of fonds
- Processing Status
- Processed / Unprocessed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
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Chronological Binders: 1990
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57564
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 100 b&w negatives on 17 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1990. Includes portraits of the Mood children, a creek in wintertime, an avalanche at Healy Creek, and avalanche zones at Norquay Ski Hill.
- Date Range
- 1990
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xiv / NA - 01 to NA - 04
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xiv : 1990
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xiv / NA - 01 to NA - 04
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1990
- Physical Description
- 100 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 100 b&w negatives on 17 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1990. Includes portraits of the Mood children, a creek in wintertime, an avalanche at Healy Creek, and avalanche zones at Norquay Ski Hill.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Aerial photography
- Avalanches
- Children
- Family and personal life
- Helicopters
- Mountains
- Norquay Ski Hill
- Portrait
- Winter
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Chronological Binders: 1991
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57565
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 211 b&w negatives on 39 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1991. Includes filming projects, the World Cup, a 60th anniversary [birthday?] at Skoki Lodge, ground breaking for the Alpine Centre in Lake Louise, scenic views, and an apartment fire.
- Date Range
- 1991
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xv / NA - 01 to NA - 08
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xv : 1991
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xv / NA - 01 to NA - 08
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1991
- Physical Description
- 211 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 211 b&w negatives on 39 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1991. Includes filming projects, the World Cup, a 60th anniversary [birthday?] at Skoki Lodge, ground breaking for the Alpine Centre in Lake Louise, scenic views, and an apartment fire.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Aerial photography
- Banff townsite
- Businesses
- Ceremony
- Family and personal life
- Films and film making
- Fire
- Fire fighters
- Mountains
- Portrait
- scenic
- Skiing
- Ski areas
- Ski racing
- Sunshine Village
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
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Chronological Binders: 1992
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57566
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 168 b&w negatives on 32 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1992. Includes the Mountain Guides' Ball in Lake Louise, the Junior's Biathlon at the Canmore Nordic Centre, the Veteran's trophy and Swiss Club Ski Race at Sunshine, the Canmore Swimming pon…
- Date Range
- 1992
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xvi / NA - 01 to NA - 06
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xvi : 1992
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xvi / NA - 01 to NA - 06
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1992
- Physical Description
- 168 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 168 b&w negatives on 32 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1992. Includes the Mountain Guides' Ball in Lake Louise, the Junior's Biathlon at the Canmore Nordic Centre, the Veteran's trophy and Swiss Club Ski Race at Sunshine, the Canmore Swimming pond, and more. Many items have associated contact sheets. File also contains one contact sheet of portraits with no accompanying negatives.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Aerial photography
- Banff townsite
- Businesses
- Ceremony
- Family and personal life
- Films and film making
- Fire
- Fire fighters
- Mountains
- Portrait
- scenic
- Skiing
- Ski areas
- Ski racing
- Sunshine Village
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Chronological Binders: 1993
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57567
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 32 b&w negatives on 6 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1993. Includes scenes from Moraine Lake, Castle Mountain, and a helicopter trip to the Lady MacDonald Tea House.
- Date Range
- 1993
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xvii / NA - 01
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xvii : 1993
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xvii / NA - 01
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1993
- Physical Description
- 32 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 32 b&w negatives on 6 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1993. Includes scenes from Moraine Lake, Castle Mountain, and a helicopter trip to the Lady MacDonald Tea House.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Aerial photography
- Banff townsite
- Helicopters
- Moraine Lake
- Mountains
- scenic
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Canmore
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Chronological Binders: 1994
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57568
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 278 b&w negatives on 56 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1994. Includes portraits, shots from film productions, Canada Day, scenic views, and more.
- Date Range
- 1994
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xviii / NA - 01 to NA - 13
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xviii : 1994
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xviii / NA - 01 to NA - 13
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1994
- Physical Description
- 278 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 278 b&w negatives on 56 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1994. Includes portraits, shots from film productions, Canada Day, scenic views, and more.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Name Access
- Gallagher, Lloyd (Kiwi)
- Subject Access
- Aerial photography
- Banff townsite
- Ceremony
- Films and film making
- Glaciers
- Helicopters
- Moraine Lake
- Mountains
- Parades
- Portrait
- scenic
- Skiing
- Ski racing
- Wardens
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Canmore
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
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Chronological Binders: 1995
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57570
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 165 b&w negatives on 35 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1995. Includes shots from the Masters World Cup ski race in March and the Bruno Veteran's Cross-Country ski race in April, as well as portraits of Bob Sandford and his family and Cliff and An…
- Date Range
- 1995
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xix / NA - 01 to NA - 07
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xix : 1995
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xix / NA - 01 to NA - 07
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1995
- Physical Description
- 148 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 165 b&w negatives on 35 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1995. Includes shots from the Masters World Cup ski race in March and the Bruno Veteran's Cross-Country ski race in April, as well as portraits of Bob Sandford and his family and Cliff and Ann White. Some items include contact sheets.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Name Access
- White, Cliff
- Subject Access
- Children
- Family and personal life
- Portrait
- Skiing
- Ski racing
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
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Chronological Binders: 1996
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57571
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 58 b&w negatives on 10 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1996. Includes shots from a productions for a French Canadian program at Assiniboine and a CBC program in Lake Louise, as well as the Canada Day.
- Date Range
- 1996
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xx / NA - 01 to NA - 03
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xx : 1996
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xx / NA - 01 to NA - 03
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1996
- Physical Description
- 58 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 58 b&w negatives on 10 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1996. Includes shots from a productions for a French Canadian program at Assiniboine and a CBC program in Lake Louise, as well as the Canada Day.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Canada Day
- Films and film making
- Mountains
- Parades
- scenic
- Geographic Access
- Lake Louise
- Banff National Park
- Canmore
- Alberta
- Assiniboine Provincial Park
- British Columbia
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.
Chronological Binders: 1997
https://archives.whyte.org/en/permalink/descriptions57572
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 52 b&w negatives on 12 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1997. Includes portraits of Barbara Clemats, a Parks Canada Wardens reunion in July, and a cross-country race in Canmore.
- Date Range
- 1997
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xxi / NA - 01 to NA - 03
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- GMD
- Negative
- Part Of
- Bruno Engler fonds
- Description Level
- 5 / File
- Fonds Number
- M323 / S40 / V190
- Series
- VI : Retained file, Z : Chronological order
- Sous-Fonds
- V190
- Sub-Series
- xxi : 1997
- Accession Number
- 7436
- Reference Code
- V190 / VI / Z / xxi / NA - 01 to NA - 03
- GMD
- Negative
- Date Range
- 1997
- Physical Description
- 52 photographs : b&w negatives ; 35mm
- History / Biographical
- See fonds level description
- Scope & Content
- File pertains to 52 b&w negatives on 12 strips of film depicting various activities that took place during 1997. Includes portraits of Barbara Clemats, a Parks Canada Wardens reunion in July, and a cross-country race in Canmore.
- Notes
- File came from box X, separate from alphabetised boxes. Photographs were ordered chronologically by Engler prior to accessioning.
- Subject Access
- Celebrations
- Cross-country skiing
- Mountains
- Parades
- Parks Canada
- Parks Canada Warden
- Reunion
- Ski racing
- Skiing
- Winter
- Winter sports
- Geographic Access
- Banff National Park
- Canmore
- Alberta
- Language
- English
- Creator
- Engler, Bruno
- Title Source
- Original title kept
- Processing Status
- Processed
This material is presented as originally created; it may contain outdated cultural descriptions and
potentially offensive content.
Read more.